Abstract: From the perspective of China's current industrialization process, the pollution problem in the chemical industry is outstanding. In this regard, the paper analyzes the causes of the pollution problems in China's chemical industry, and addresses the main contradictions and major environmental issues in China's industrialization and development, and proposes to effectively implement the circular economy, take the road of cleaner production, and vigorously promote industrial restructuring. Strengthen environmental protection investment and other specific measures to prevent and control pollution in the chemical industry.
China Paper Network /2/view-4394540.htm
Keywords: chemical industry pollution status control measures
People often neglect their indirect social benefits and intrinsic ecological environmental benefits, but only pay attention to their direct and external economic benefits. This is one of the prominent problems in the process of industrialization in China, resulting in the emergence of chemical industry in the process of industrialization in China. A series of environmental pollution problems such as environmental pollution in the industry have led to a serious impact on the healthy development of China's industrialization process. At present, achieving sustainable economic and social development and protecting the pollution of the chemical industry in the process of industrialization in China have become a strong desire of the people and an urgent requirement of the times.
I. Status of environmental pollution in the chemical industry
As one of the pillar industries in China's industrialization process, the chemical industry has played a decisive role in promoting China's economic development. However, the environmental pollution it brings can not be underestimated. At present, the waste water, waste gas, and waste slag discharged by the chemical industry account for 40% to 45%, 7% to 10%, and 9% to 12% of industrial emissions, respectively, and are at the forefront of the industrial sector. From the industry perspective, the dye industry and the pesticide industry emit large amounts of wastewater each year. The carbon dioxide concentration is high, the color depth is deep, and the biodegradation is difficult. There is no effective treatment technology; the nitrogen fertilizer industry accounts for 40% of the chemical industry's emissions. Every year, a large amount of ammonia is lost to the environment, and the emitted exhaust gas causes great pollution to the atmosphere. The pollution problem of China's chemical companies has always been the focus of environmental protection departments. Environmental protection departments at all levels have invested a large amount of funds in the prevention and control of chemical pollution. Various measures have been taken. Although they have achieved certain results, they are far from solving the pollution problems in the chemical industry. The chemical industry is a big polluter, and the resulting environmental pollution has become a key factor that restricts the sustainable development of the chemical industry.
Second, the chemical industry pollution analysis
1. Insufficient understanding of ideas
In recent years, the propaganda of environmental protection from the central government to local governments, environmental protection agencies, and various news media and websites has been continuously strengthened. The importance of environmental protection has been significantly improved. However, due to the fact that some officials have been pursuing a one-sided increase in GDP, corporate managers have been The ideology of the low cost of illegality and high cost of obeying the law did not really implement the company's pollution control work.
2. Non-economic production scale
Most of the chemical companies in China were completed in the 1970s. Most of them were small and medium-sized enterprises. They were backward in technology, outdated equipment, and high in energy consumption. As a result, many raw materials became “three wastes” and flowed into the environment, causing serious pollution. Over the years, many technological transformations have been reconstructed and expanded, and few efforts have been made to adopt new technologies, new equipment, and new processes.
3. Production management is backward
Most chemical companies are old factories. On the one hand, poor production conditions have brought difficulties to production management. On the other hand, production management is not strict and the quality of personnel is poor. Most companies do not receive professional training from factory managers to workers. Experienced operation resulted in serious run-and-drip leakage, high loss and low yield, and a large amount of waste, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution.
4. Unreasonable product structure of the company
Most of the company's production is the production of basic chemical raw materials with high energy consumption, high pollution, and low efficiency, such as ammonia fertilizers, dyes, and intermediates. Therefore, we must adjust the product structure of China's chemical companies.
III. Basic Countermeasures for Pollution Control and Healthy Development of Chemical Enterprises
1. Effectively implement circular economy and take the road of cleaner production
In recent years, China's chemical companies have developed and promoted a large number of new technologies and technologies for resource conservation and pollution reduction. Of these, 28 are recommended for the comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection technologies recommended by the relevant state departments, and the development of circular economy for chemical companies. Provides strong technical support. Each chemical company should formulate a plan for the development of circular economy and specific promotion measures based on its own specific circumstances.
At present, some enterprises in China have adopted cleaner production as an important way to increase economic efficiency and reduce pollution. Article 9 of the Cleaner Production Promotion Law states that local people's governments at or above the county level should rationally plan the economic layout of their administrative areas, adjust their industrial structure, develop circular economy, and promote cooperation between enterprises in the areas of comprehensive utilization of resources and waste, and realize resources. Efficient use and recycling.
China’s Agenda 21 clearly stated that promoting cleaner production is one of the priority areas for China’s implementation of the sustainable development strategy. The Chinese government has realized that this preventive strategy must run through the formulation of major economic and technological policies, social development plans, and major economic development plans. By implementing cleaner production, industrial pollution can be eliminated as much as possible in the production process, minimizing industrial production waste, and changing passively to pollution prevention as active prevention of pollution. At the same time, the basic goals of clean production are to increase the efficiency of resource use, reduce and avoid the generation of pollutants, protect and improve the environment, protect human health, and promote sustainable economic and social development.
For chemical companies, they should improve production process management, increase production efficiency, reduce the waste of resources and energy, limit pollution emissions, promote the recycling of raw materials and energy, and replace and renovate the production processes, technologies, and equipment that lead to serious pollution and backwardness. , Develop clean products and encourage green consumption.
2. Vigorously promote the adjustment of industrial structure and promote the optimization and upgrading of product structure
First, according to China's environmental conditions and characteristics, a reasonable adjustment of industrial layout, changing the decentralized layout of SMEs. At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", it is determined to change the mode of growth, relying on technological progress and innovation to reduce pollution and reduce consumption, and actively open up new areas of fine chemicals, in the traditional fine chemical industry to high-grade chemical development, focusing on the development of new, Specialized, featured products, especially non-polluting green fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, electronics, information and other chemical products, development of high-efficiency, low residue, low toxicity and degradable plastics and other green agricultural chemical products. Based on resource conservation, environmental protection, and efforts to build a low-input, high-yield, low-energy, low-emission, cyclic, sustainable green chemical development model.
3. Increase environmental protection investment
In recent years, the government and environmental protection agencies at all levels have done a lot of work on the pollution control and industrial restructuring of the chemical industry in China. A total of more than 3 million yuan has been invested in pollution remediation work. The pollution control level of the entire chemical industry has been greatly improved. . However, in order to achieve the goal of long-term development of China's chemical companies, the government and enterprises must “double-wheel drive” and increase investment in environmental protection at the same time, and raise funds for pollution prevention through multiple channels. The government and relevant departments of environmental protection should give top priority to the development of environmental protection infrastructure, provide policy support for pollution control and clean production of enterprises, and enterprises must also provide necessary pollution control funds and insist on “one-handed production and one-handed management”. ".
4. Strengthen environmental supervision in accordance with the law
Government departments must truly implement the "Environmental Protection Law," and earnestly implement the responsibility system for environmental protection goals and the "one-vote veto system" to achieve the growth of green GDP; the environmental protection department shall strengthen the environmental protection "three-simultaneous" supervision of chemical projects in accordance with the law and strictly enforce the environmental protection law. In the future, we will focus on reducing the total amount of pollutants discharged, and urge chemical companies to fundamentally change the pollution status of the chemical industry and ensure that the chemical industry in China is sustainable and healthy by renovating production processes, reducing the concentration of pollutants in wastewater, and reducing the amount of wastewater discharged. ,Rapid development.
Fourth, the conclusion
Generally speaking, although China's development prospects are bright and its development speed is very fast, there are still many uncoordinated factors in the chemical industry. The problem of chemical pollution is still rather serious. Therefore, we must pay attention to the pollution problems arising in the development process, earnestly do a good job of ecological protection and chemical pollution prevention and control, and formulate effective prevention and control strategies. At the same time, we must do a comprehensive and scientific plan in the process of industrialization in our country and strive to develop China into a A socialist country with a beautiful environment, a stable society, a prosperous economy and a peaceful and stable life for the people.